Novartis AG researches, develops, manufactures, and markets healthcare products worldwide. Its Innovative Medicines segment offers prescription medicines for patients and healthcare providers. It also provides ophthalmology, neuroscience, immunology, hepatology and dermatology, respiratory, cardio-metabolic, established, and cardiovascular, renal and metabolism medicine products. The company's Sandoz segment provides active ingredients and finished dosage forms of small molecule pharmaceuticals to third parties across a range of therapeutic areas, as well as finished dosage form anti-infectives. It also provides active pharmaceutical ingredients and intermediates primarily antibiotics; protein- or other biotechnology-based products, including biosimilars; and biotechnology manufacturing services. Novartis AG has collaboration agreements with Pear Therapeutics; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Science 37; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Amgen; University of California, Berkeley; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi); TScan Therapeutics; Dyno Therapeutics Inc.; and Olema Oncology. The company was founded in 1895 and is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland.